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Thermodynamic process
A thermodynamic process is a passage of a thermodynamic system from an initial state to a final state. In equilibrium thermodynamics, the initial and final states are states of internal thermodynamic equilibrium, each respectively fully specified by a suitable set of thermodynamic state variables, that depend only on the current state of the system, not the path taken to reach that state. In general, in a thermodynamic process, the system passes through physical states which are not describable as thermodynamic states, because they are far from internal thermodynamic equilibrium. It is possible, however, that a process may take place slowly or smoothly enough to allow its description to be usefully approximated by a continuous path of thermodynamic states. Then it may be approximately described by a process function that does depend on the path.
==Overview==
A thermodynamic process can be visualized by graphically plotting the changes to the system's state variables. In the example, four processes are shown. Each process has a well-defined start and end point in the pressure-volume state space. In this particular example, processes 1 and 3 are isothermal, whereas processes 2 and 4 are isochoric. The PV diagram is a particularly useful visualization of a process, because the area under the curve of a process is the amount of work done by the system during that process. Thus work is considered to be a process variable, as its exact value depends on the particular path taken between the start and end points of the process. Similarly, heat may be transferred during a process, and it too is a process variable. In contrast, pressure and volume (as well as numerous other properties) are considered state variables because their values depend only on the position of the start and end points, not the particular path between them.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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